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非谓语动词
三、分词
(分词分为现在分词和过去分词。在句中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。)
现在分词和过去分词的区别:
在语态上,现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义;
在时间上,现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生,过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。
如:falling leaves正在下落的树叶fallen leaves已经落在地上的树叶
(一)分词的作用
1、作定语
(1)单个分词作定语,分词前置。如:
The sleeping boy is my son。
The excited people rushed into the building。
A lost opportunity never returns。
He is are tired worker。
(2)分词短语作定语,分词后置;分词修饰不定代词something等要后置;个别分词如give,left等作定语也后置。如:
The girl standing under the tree is my niece。
The building built last year is our library。
This is the question given。
There is nothing interesting。
(3)过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如:
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists
2、作状语
现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。
Not receiving any letter from him,I gave him a call。
As I didn’t receive any letter from him,I gave him a call。
Given more attention,the trees could have grown better。
If more attention was given,the trees could have grown better。(条件)
Walking a long the street,Irana cross my old friend。
Bitten by a snake,he was taken to hospital(原因)。
Though defeated,he didn’t lose heart。(让步)
He lay on the grass,looking into the sky。(伴随)
He came running to tell me the good news。(方式)
注意:
(1)选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的主语发出,分词就用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。试比较:
(Being)Used for a long time,the book look sold。
由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去很旧。
Using the book,I find it useful。
在使用的过程中,我发现这本书很有用。
(2)分词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致,如果不一致,就用独立主格结构,即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。现在分词的完成式主要用于作状语,一般不用作定语。
3、作表语
现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征,过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如:
The film is touching。
The glass is broken。
She looked tired with cooking。
He remained standing beside the table。
4、作宾语补足语
分词和不定式一样,在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如:
I smell something burning。
I heard him singing the song。
Iheard my name called。
I can’t make myself understood in English。
I found my car missing。
I’ll have my watch repaired。
我想把我的手表修一下。
5、作插入语
其结构是固定的,意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
generally speaking一般说来talking of(speaking of)说到
strictly speaking严格地说judging from从···判断
all things considered从整体来看taking all things into consideration全面看来。如:
Judging from his face,he must be ill。
从他的脸色看,他一定是病了。
Generally speaking,dogs can run faster than pigs。
总的来说,狗比猪跑得快。
(二)分词的时态
1、与主语动词同时。如:
Arriving there,they found the boy dead。刚一到那儿,他们就发现那男孩死了。
2、先于主语动词
分词作时间状语,如果先于主动词的动作,且强调先后,要用having done。
Having finished his homework,he went out for a walk。
After he had finished his homework,he went out for a walk。
(三)分词的语态
1、通常情况下,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动。如:
He is the man giving you/who gave you the book他就是给你书的那个人
She is the girl stopped by/who was stopped by the car。她就是那个被车拦住的女孩。
2、不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生。
3、像:gone,fallen,retired,grown-up,escaped,faded,returned等词。如:
a retired person一个退休的人
a fallen ball一个落下来的球
a burnt-out match烧完了的火柴
以上就是学而思1对1小编为大家准备的高中英语-非谓语动词分词。如需咨询成都学而思1对1和8人班初中物理化学数学课程欢迎拨打4000-121-121。一个电话开启一新的学习旅程!助力中考!