一、数词
表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词又分基数词和序数词,基数词表示数量,序数词表示顺序。
1. 较基本的基数词如下表所示:
1~10 11~19 20~100
1 one 11 eleven
2 two 12 twelve 20 twenty
3 three 13 thirteen 30 thirty
4 four 14 fourteen 40 forty
5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty
6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty
7 seven 17 seventeen 70 seventy
8 eight 18 eighteen 80 eighty
9 nine 19 nineteen 90 ninety
10 ten 100 one hundred
*基数词的写法 :21~99的两位数,十位与个位之间用连字符"-"。
例:21 twenty - one 32 thirty - two 99 ninety - nine
百位数:个位数基数词形式加"hundred",表示几百,在几十几与百位间加上and。
例:101 a hundred and one. 320 three hundred and twenty 648six hundred and forty-eight
2.序数词的构成
1)一般来说,是由相应的基数词加词尾th构成。例,
four+ th--- fourth six + th --- sixth
seven + th --- seventh ten + th --- tenth
2)下面这些基数词在变为序数词时,有特殊的变化。例,
one --- first two --- second three --- third five--- fifth
eight --- eighth nine --- ninth twelve --- twelfth
3)十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y 变成i,然后在加eth.例,
twenty --- twentieth thirty --- thirtieth
forty --- fortieth ninety --- ninetieth
1) 两位或两位以上的基数词变为序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词。例,
twenty -one ------ twenty- first
thirty-five ------thirty-fifth
a hundred and fifty-three ------- a hundred and fifty- third
*基数词变序数词的口诀:
基变序,有规律;词尾加上th(fourth, sixth)
一、二、三,单独记;结尾字母t, d, d;(first,second,third)
八去t,九去e,(eighth,ninth);ve要用f替;(fifth,twelfth)
整十基数变序数,ty将y变成i ; th 前面有个e;
要是遇到几十几,前用基来后用序。
二、冠词
冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两种。 a或an是不定冠词,the是定冠词。a用在辅音音素之前,如 a desk, a tree ; an 用在元音因素之前,如 an apple, an hour, an English book.
1. 不定冠词(a,an)指人或事物的某一种类,表示"一个",但不强调数量。
She is a teacher. That's an orange.
2. 定冠词 the,是特指某(些)人、某(些)物,或指说话人与听话人彼此知道的人或物,或者是在上文提到过的人和事。
This is a bus. The bus is big.
3. 不用冠词的情况:
1) 专有名词,物质名词,抽象名词前一般不用冠词。如,
Chinese, English, Jim等。
2) 名词前已经有this, that, my, your等词时,就不再用冠词了。如,
that mouse (那只老鼠)
3) 一些固定词组前不用定冠词。如,
at home 在家 go to school 去上学
*定冠词the的用法记忆口诀:
特指、重提和,岛屿、海峡和海湾;
海洋、党派、更高级,沙漠、河流与群山;
方位、顺序和乐器,年代、团体与机关;
船名、建筑和组织,会议、条约与报刊;
姓氏复数、国全名,记住定冠the加在前。
*零冠词用法口诀:
月份、星期、节假洲,呼语、头衔职务前;
三餐、球类、惯用语,学科、棋类名词前。